تأثیر مداخلة گروهیِ مبتنی بر برنامه دی روزیر بر کاهش مشکلاتِ برون‌ریزی شدة کودکانِ مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا
محورهای موضوعی :
احمد یارمحمدیان
1
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
افسانه رحیمی
2
احمد عابدی
3
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
سالار فرامرزی
4
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به افزایش میزان شیوع اختلال طیف اُتیسم، متخصصان نیازمند دسترسی و بررسی برنامه هایی هستند که با هدف بهبود مشکلات اساسی این کودکان طراحی شده اند. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثربخشی مداخلة گروهیِ مبتنی بر برنامه دی روزیر بر کاهش مشکلات برون ریزی شدة کودکانِ مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا پرداخته است. این پژوهش در چارچوب طرح تک آزمودنی و با استفاده از روش (A-B-A) اجرا شد. جامعة آماری این پژوهش از کودکان مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا در شهر اصفهان تشکیل می شد. با استفاده از نمونه گیری هدفمند، 3 دانش‌آموز انتخاب شدند. خط پایة عملکرد آنان با استفاده از خرده مقیاس مشکلات برون ریزی شده (مقیاس درجه بندی بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی SSIS) ترسیم شد. جلسات آموزشی در قالب 20 جلسة 40 دقیقه ای به وسیلة محقق برگزار گردیدند. ارزیابی ها حین درمان، و به منظور پیگیری نتایج آموزش، یک ماه بعد به وسیلة مربی ویژة این کودکان به عمل آمد. براساس نتایج تحلیل دیداری داده ها، این برنامه در زمینة کاهش مشکلات رفتاری برون ریزی شده درصد داده های ناهمپوش (PND) برای آزمودنی ها به ترتیب، %100، %71/85، %100) مؤثر بوده است. نتایج به دست آمده از درصد داده های بالاتر از میانه (PEM)، جفت های نا همپوش(NAP)، تای کندال همراه با یو مان ـ ویتنی (TauU) (حداقل %85) حاکی از اثربخشی این برنامه است. بر این اساس، بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی در بافت گروهی و با ترکیب روش‌های شناختی ـ رفتاری و یادگیری اجتماعی، رشد تجارب ارتباطیِ مثبت و کاهش مشکلات رفتاری را برای این گروه از کودکان به دنبال خواهد داشت.
Due to the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, professionals need to access and study programs which are de-signed to improve fundamental problems of these children. The present study has inves-tigated the effectiveness of a social skills group intervention based on DeRosier Program for decreasing externalizing behavior problems in children with high functioning autism. The study was done as a single-subject design using the A-B-A method. The statistical population consisted of children with high-func-tioning autism in Isfahan. Three students were selected using a purposeful sampling. The base-lines were drawn up using a subscale of Externalizing Behavior Problems (Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales) (SSIS). There were 20 training sessions, each for 40 minutes which were held by the researcher. The evaluations were completed during the treatment and followed up by one the child specialist teacher one month later. Based on the results of the visual analysis of the data, this program has been effective in reducing behavioral problems (PND for participants respectively, 100%, 85.71%, and 100%). The results from PEM, NAP, TauU (at least 0.85%) indicate the effectiveness of this program. Therefore, the improvement of social skills in a group-based intervention has led to the growth of positive communicative experiences and reduced be-havioral problems for this group of children.
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